Have a little rhythm on the weekend.
give mitosis a little rhythm! Let's listen to a biological rap:
Video from: sciencemusicvideos
the following are the lyrics (and the rough translation _ ("∠") _):
Interphase is cell division\'s longest part,
the interphase is the longest part of cell division
nuclear membrane\'s intact as it starts,
it begins with a complete nuclear membrane
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cell growth. Cytoplasmic flow
chromosomes get duplicated, DNA gets replicated
chromosomes and DNA can be copied
chromatin is scattered, so it is not true to see
But note the nucleolus, the ribosome factory
but look at nucleoli, this ribosome factory
Outside the nucleus are two centrosomes,
outside are two centrosome
They later make a spindle which will pull apart the chromosomes.cell growth. Cytoplasmic flow
chromosomes get duplicated, DNA gets replicated
chromosomes and DNA can be copied
chromatin is scattered, so it is not true to see
But note the nucleolus, the ribosome factory
but look at nucleoli, this ribosome factory
Outside the nucleus are two centrosomes,
outside are two centrosome
they will later form spindle filaments. Pull apart the chromosomes
then comes the Prophase, shrinking into chromosomes
Each is made of two sister chromatids, (looks) like an\ "X\"
each is a pair of sister monomers, which looks like X
Each sister is a clone, the closest of kin,
each sister is cloned, and the nearest relative
centromere is attached to them. Just like Siamese twins
The nucleolus disappears it melts away,
nucleolus disappears
as the cell takes a ribosome production holiday,
cells release ribosome production leave
centrosome separate, forming spindle
in order to separate chromatids, the cells elongate
mitosis. Chromosome movement
Inter-, pro-, meta-, ana-, telophase, divide
interphase, anterior, middle, posterior and terminal stages, cell division
Eukaryotes go from one cell to two,
eukaryote
Mitosis, how cells renew
mitosis. The cell thus updates
The nuclear membrane disintegrates,
nuclear membrane disintegration
The centrosomes migrate to the cell\'s opposing sides,
And between them the fibers of the spindle wend and wind,
the spindle extends between them
spindle consists of microtubules.
to chromosomes at kinetochores, a protein patch
it connects chromosomes through centromere,
that serves like a hanDle that the fibers can grasp,
centromere is like a handle that these fibers can grasp
When they pull apart the chromosomes, splitting them in half,
pull chromosomes. Divide them into two halves
The spindle moves the chromosomes with nudges so fine,
spindle filaments finely move chromosomes
Into linear formation on the 50 yard line
line up at 50 yard line (note: 50 yard line is the middle of the American football field)
A location equatorial defining metaphase,
position at the equator This defines
where the chromosomes are lined up on that middle placechromosomes arranging in the middle
CHORUS
The spindle fibers pull on the kinetochores,
spindle pulling centromere
centromere is like a handle that these fibers can grasp
When they pull apart the chromosomes, splitting them in half,
pull chromosomes. Divide them into two halves
The spindle moves the chromosomes with nudges so fine,
spindle filaments finely move chromosomes
Into linear formation on the 50 yard line
line up at 50 yard line (note: 50 yard line is the middle of the American football field)
A location equatorial defining metaphase,
position at the equator This defines
where the chromosomes are lined up on that middle placecentromere is like a handle that these fibers can grasp
When they pull apart the chromosomes, splitting them in half,
pull chromosomes. Divide them into two halves
The spindle moves the chromosomes with nudges so fine,
spindle filaments finely move chromosomes
Into linear formation on the 50 yard line
line up at 50 yard line (note: 50 yard line is the middle of the American football field)
A location equatorial defining metaphase,
position at the equator This defines
chromosomes arranging in the middle
CHORUS
The spindle fibers pull on the kinetochores,
A cellular molecular mitotic tug of war,
The centromere snaps, sisters get separated,
centromere disconnection. Sister segregation
Now these chromatids are chromosomes, they\'ve been upgraded
This snapping separation defines anaphase
The\ "A\" for\ "apartness\", for moving different ways,
An is separate A. Go their separate ways
Kinetochore spindle fibers separate the sisters
the spindle thread pulls the centromere to separate the sisters
watch them wave goodbye. Shout "I will miss you"
And the other spindle fibers push and grapple like felons
Makes the cell elliptical like a watermelon,
cells become oval like watermelons
form membranes around terminal chromosomes
The nucleolus comes back
In animal cells there\'s a ring of microfilaments
there is a circle of microfilaments
that form at the equator and they cinch themselves in
forms a contraction ring at the equator and tightens itself
tight, then tight until the cell divides into two halves
Yeah in animals, that\' s cytokinesis
This is cytokinesis
By building a new cell wall from the inside
As the Golgi sends vesicles with cellulosic goo,
Golgi sends vesicles filled with "cellulose glue"
Which makes a plate, then a wal.L, divides the cell in two
it forms a cell board and divides the cell into two
And instead of one mother cell we now have daughters two
identical twins, both "new" and "old",
From your single celled beginning this is how you grew
start with one cell. This is how you grow
And for single celled eukaryotes it\'s reproductive too!
and for single-celled eukaryotes, this is also reproduction!